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        <h4 id="内存模型"><a href="#内存模型" class="headerlink" title="内存模型"></a>内存模型</h4><p>内存模型</p>
<ul>
<li>共享内存：线程之间通过写-读内存中的公共状态来进行隐式通信</li>
<li>消息传递：没有公共状态的，明确的发送来显式进行通信<br>内存消息通信是由JMM控制，线程之间的共享变量存储在主内存中，JMM决定一个线程对共享变量的写入何时对另一个线程可见</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="jvm分区"><a href="#jvm分区" class="headerlink" title="jvm分区"></a>jvm分区</h4><ul>
<li>栈:基础数据类型在栈空间分配</li>
<li>本地栈:JNI</li>
<li>计数器:当前线程所执行字节码行号</li>
<li>堆:存放对象</li>
<li>方法区:存放常量，静态变量，已经被加载的类信息</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="JVM区域"><a href="#JVM区域" class="headerlink" title="JVM区域"></a>JVM区域</h4><ul>
<li>heap:<ul>
<li>Eden(年轻代):<em>Minor GC</em>年轻代，对象，数组创建先会存放在eden</li>
<li>Survivor(年轻代):<em>Minor GC</em></li>
<li>Tenured(年老代):<em>Major GC</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>非heap:<ul>
<li>Code Cache</li>
<li>Perm Gen</li>
<li>Jvm Stack</li>
<li>Local Method Stack</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="对象创建方法，对象的内存分配，对象的访问定位。"><a href="#对象创建方法，对象的内存分配，对象的访问定位。" class="headerlink" title="对象创建方法，对象的内存分配，对象的访问定位。"></a>对象创建方法，对象的内存分配，对象的访问定位。</h4><ul>
<li>虚拟机遇到new指令，会检查这个指2令的参数是否在常量池中的定位到一个类的符号引用，并检查符号引用所代表的类是否已经被加载，解析，初始化过</li>
<li>内存分配：指针碰撞(Serial,ParNew收集器) ; 空闲列表(CMS收集器)标记清除</li>
<li>对象结构<ul>
<li>对象头：hashcode，gc分代年龄，锁状态标志，线程持有锁，偏向锁ID，偏向时间戳</li>
<li>实例数据：</li>
<li>对齐填充：对象大小必须是8字节的整数倍</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>对象定位：栈上的reference数据访问句柄池，句柄指向堆中实例的地址</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="GC的两种判定方法：引用计数与引用链"><a href="#GC的两种判定方法：引用计数与引用链" class="headerlink" title="GC的两种判定方法：引用计数与引用链"></a>GC的两种判定方法：引用计数与引用链</h4><p>引用计数:已淘汰<br>引用链:堆中的实例是在栈上存在引用</p>
<h4 id="GC的三种收集方法：标记清除、标记整理、复制算法的原理与特点，分别用在什么地方，如果让你优化收集方法，有什么思路？"><a href="#GC的三种收集方法：标记清除、标记整理、复制算法的原理与特点，分别用在什么地方，如果让你优化收集方法，有什么思路？" class="headerlink" title="GC的三种收集方法：标记清除、标记整理、复制算法的原理与特点，分别用在什么地方，如果让你优化收集方法，有什么思路？"></a>GC的三种收集方法：标记清除、标记整理、复制算法的原理与特点，分别用在什么地方，如果让你优化收集方法，有什么思路？</h4><p>标记清除：标记GC Root可达的对象，直接清楚其他内存，造成内存垃圾<br>标记整理：标记那些GC Root可达的对象，清理其他的内存,将他们移到一块内存中<br>复制算法：将内存分为两块，每次只用一块，gc完之后把存活的放在另一块</p>
<h4 id="GC收集器有哪些？CMS收集器与G1收集器的特点。"><a href="#GC收集器有哪些？CMS收集器与G1收集器的特点。" class="headerlink" title="GC收集器有哪些？CMS收集器与G1收集器的特点。"></a>GC收集器有哪些？CMS收集器与G1收集器的特点。</h4><ul>
<li>串行垃圾回收器(Serial):<code>单线程</code>进行回收</li>
<li>并行垃圾回收器(Parallel):多线程进行垃圾回收,发生<code>stop the world</code></li>
<li>并发标记扫描垃圾回收器(CMS): XX:+UseParNewGC 导致内存碎片<ul>
<li>Major GC 也会造成 <em>stop the world</em></li>
<li>应用线程和gc线程并行,concurrent Mode Fail导致stop，腾出来的空间不足以存放新的对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>G1垃圾回收器:分代收集，空间整合，复制算法,将堆分成多块并发垃圾回收,gc完后对内存压缩</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="Minor-GC-Major-GC-Full-GC分别在什么时候发生？"><a href="#Minor-GC-Major-GC-Full-GC分别在什么时候发生？" class="headerlink" title="Minor GC,Major GC,Full GC分别在什么时候发生？"></a>Minor GC,Major GC,Full GC分别在什么时候发生？</h4><p>Minor GC:当堆中无法为新的对象分配内存会触发Minor GC<br>Major GC:清理老年代<br>Full GC:清理整个堆空间-包括年轻代和老年代</p>
<h4 id="几种常用的内存调试工具：jmap、jstack、jstat。"><a href="#几种常用的内存调试工具：jmap、jstack、jstat。" class="headerlink" title="几种常用的内存调试工具：jmap、jstack、jstat。"></a>几种常用的内存调试工具：jmap、jstack、jstat。</h4><p>jmap:查看内存 jamp -heap pid<br>jstack:查看线程<br>jstat:性能 jstat -gcutil pid 1000<br>jps:查看进程</p>
<h4 id="类加载的五个过程：加载、验证、准备、解析、初始化。"><a href="#类加载的五个过程：加载、验证、准备、解析、初始化。" class="headerlink" title="类加载的五个过程：加载、验证、准备、解析、初始化。"></a>类加载的五个过程：加载、验证、准备、解析、初始化。</h4><p>加载:通过类的全限定名获取二进制字节流，然后转化为方法区的数据结构<br>验证:字节码验证，符号引用验证<br>准备:类变量分配内存，并设置类变量初始值阶段<br>解析:将符号引用转为内存引用<br>初始化:将代码中的值赋给成员变量</p>
<h4 id="双亲委派模型：Bootstrap-ClassLoader、Extension-ClassLoader、ApplicationClassLoader。"><a href="#双亲委派模型：Bootstrap-ClassLoader、Extension-ClassLoader、ApplicationClassLoader。" class="headerlink" title="双亲委派模型：Bootstrap ClassLoader、Extension ClassLoader、ApplicationClassLoader。"></a>双亲委派模型：Bootstrap ClassLoader、Extension ClassLoader、ApplicationClassLoader。</h4><p>Bootstrap: java.lang.Object类存放在JDK\jre\lib下的rt.jar之中,无论哪个类加载器加载此类都要使用Bootstrap<br>约束:一种约束这样能保证这种公共类能是一样的类型，因为不同的类加载器加载出相同的类也是属于不同类型</p>
<h4 id="分派：静态分派与动态分派。-多态实现机制"><a href="#分派：静态分派与动态分派。-多态实现机制" class="headerlink" title="分派：静态分派与动态分派。(多态实现机制)"></a>分派：静态分派与动态分派。(多态实现机制)</h4><p>方法解析:一切方法调用在Class文件里面存储的都是符号引用，运行时间才确定某些目标方法的直接引用称为动态链接</p>
<p>1.静态分配:编译阶段<br>2.动态分配:运行阶段</p>
<blockquote>
<p>如果能在编译阶段就确定需要调用的方法，就不会在运行期再次确认</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="gc流程"><a href="#gc流程" class="headerlink" title="gc流程"></a>gc流程</h4><p>1.申请一个产生新对象<br>2.判断Eden取是否有足够的空间<br>3.如果Eden区空间不足，会自动执行Minor GC<br>4.如果Eden区空间依旧不足，判断Survivor区空间是否充足，把Eden区部分对象存到Survivor区<br>5.如果Survivor空间不足，将活动保存在Tenured区<br>6.如果Tenured区空间不足，就执行Full GC(Major GC)<br>7.空间依旧不足就会发生Out Of Memory</p>
<h4 id="吞吐量"><a href="#吞吐量" class="headerlink" title="吞吐量"></a>吞吐量</h4><hr>
<p>1.句柄<br>java中划出一块句柄池，reference存储的对象的句柄地址，而句柄包含对象的（实例数据与类型数据）的具体地址信息<br><img src="/uploads/jvm/java-ram.png" alt="结果"><br>好处：对象移动时，只要修改句柄池中的实例数据指针,reference不用修改</p>

      
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